Best Diabetes Doctor In Mumbai The term diabetes mellitus describes diseases of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism that are characterized by hyperglycemia. It is associated with a relative or absolute impairment in insulin secretion, along with varying degrees of peripheral resistance to the action of insulin. Type 2 diabetes is by far the most common type of diabetes in adults and is characterized by hyperglycemia usually due to progressive loss of insulin secretion superimposed on a background of insulin resistance. The majority of patients are asymptomatic at presentation , with increased blood sugar noted on routine laboratory evaluation. The classic symptoms of increased blood sugar include increased urination, increased thirst, urination at night, blurred vision, and weight loss are not seen in all the patients, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Type 1 is characterized by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. The blood investigations, commonly advised for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus are fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and 2 hour post carbohydrate intake. HbA1c gives an indication of an average of blood sugar over previous three months. Prediabetes is a stage prior to establishment of full - fledged diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes include – fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125 mg/dl, 2 hour post carbohydrate load sugar 140 to 199 mg/dl and HbA1c of 5.7 to 6.4%. If the diagnostic test is consistent with diabetes, it should be repeated at further designated intervals. HbA1c of more than 6.5% or fasting plasma glucose higher than 126 mg/dl or 2 hour post carbohydrate load, blood sugar more than 200 mg/dl are suggestive of diabetes mellitus. Those suffering from prediabetes or diabetes mellitus, require guidance from a specialist regarding life style and dietary modifications along with appropriate medications. They should be in regular follow up with a specialist.