Asthma Asthma is a long-term condition affecting children and adults in which the air passages in the lungs become narrow due to inflammation and tightening of the muscles around the small airways. This causes: cough, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness. These symptoms are intermittent and are often worse at night or during exercise. There are common “triggers” can make asthma symptoms worse, which will vary from person to person. A good management plan with inhaled medications and life style management can control the disease and enable people with asthma to enjoy a normal, active life.